Notes

• NOTE 1 Example: One effective D-value is 4 orders of magnitude reduction, 2 times effective D-value is 5 order of magnitude reduction, 3 times effective D-value is 6 order of magnitude reduction.
• NOTE 2 Attention: There is a substantial difference in the time required between 3 orders of magnitude reduction and 4 orders of magnitude reduction.
• NOTE 3 Reason for the longer time period necessary for 4 orders of magnitude reduction is a sub-population of typical cleanroom bioburden that is more resistant to heat than the average population.